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Colic is a general term for abdominal pain which could have a variety of causes. It is a common problem that can affect horses of all ages. Most cases turn out to be gastrointestinal in origin but it can originate in other organs as well such as the kidneys, liver and spleen. Pain can also be from reproductive organs or be the result of problems like bleeding in the abdomen, rupture of urinary bladder or infection. Most instances of colic pass quickly with little intervention but some cases can be life-threatening and require hospitalization and surgery. Signs and symptoms of colic include: Restlessness, loss of appetite, pawing at the ground or rolling on the ground, looking or kicking at abdomen, lying flat out or stretching, grinding teeth, sweating, posturing to urinate and elevated heart rate. Depending on the cause of the pain and how persistent it is, the horse may be treated medically or surgically. In many cases treatment will just involve giving fluids and pain relief. Cases of spasmodic colic, which may be caused by gas accumulation, feeding issues, parasitical worms, stress or dehydration, resolve with minimal medical intervention. In cases of displacement, where part of the intestine has shifted out of its normal position but blood is still flowing to the intestine, either medical or surgical treatment might be appropriate. Strangulating lesions, where part of the intestine is displaced or twisted so blood flow to the intestine is compromised, would be a surgical emergency. Colic can be the result of changes to feeding regime, therefore the maintenance of a consistent regime can help prevent it. A diet that includes adequate fiber-rich foods such as hay and grass helps prevent colic. An appropriate worming program is also important to prevent colic. Source: Royal Veterinary College
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